Debian¶
Timezone¶
Set system timezone:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Services¶
update-rc.d
:
Make a service run in its default runlevels:
update-rc.d <service> defaults
or:
update-rc.d <service> enable
Make a service not run in any runlevel:
update-rc.d <service> disable
Making a new init script:
Read
/etc/init.d/README
, which will point to other docsCopy
/etc/init.d/skeleton
and edit it.
Packages¶
List packages that match a pattern:
dpkg -l <pattern>
List contents of a package:
dpkg -L packagename
Show packages that installed files matching pattern:
dpkg -S pattern
Show info about an installed package:
dpkg-query -s packagename
show info about a package that is known:
apt-cache showpkg packagename
Reconfigure a package:
dpkg-reconfigure packagename
Change alternatives:
update-alternatives ...
Alternatives¶
Change ‘alternatives’ default browser or editor:
sudo update-alternatives --set x-www-browser /usr/bin/chromium-browser
sudo update-alternatives --set editor /usr/bin/emacs24
If you get an error like:
update-alternatives: error: alternative /snap/bin/firefox for x-www-browser not registered; not setting
then you can add the new alternative with:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-www-browser x-www-browser /snap/bin/firefox 50
and then try again.
Be prompted for which alternative you prefer for a link group:
sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
Find out what the top-level link groups are:
sudo update-alternatives --get-selections
Set xdg program to open/browse a directory (DOES NOT WORK) (do NOT use sudo):
xdg-mime default /usr/share/applications/Thunar.desktop x-directory/normal
Change ‘xdg’ default browser (for user):
xdg-settings get default-web-browser
xdg-settings set default-web-browser google-chrome.desktop
xdg-settings set default-web-browser firefox.desktop
Install without any prompts (http://askubuntu.com/questions/146921/how-do-i-apt-get-y-dist-upgrade-without-a-grub-config-prompt):
sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -y \
-o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" \
<COMMAND>
Desktop applications¶
Put your own .desktop files in ~/.local/share/applications.
To let the system know about new or changed desktop files:
update-desktop-database [directory]
Launch the application from command line that has a <name>.desktop file somewhere:
gtk-launch <name>